What is a money market fund?
A money market fund is a mutual fund that invests only in short-term, high-quality debt: Treasury bills, commercial paper, certificates of deposit, and similar instruments. The goal is to preserve capital while paying a modest yield. They are commonly used to park idle brokerage cash that isn't currently invested.
Key features
- Low risk: invests only in short-duration, high-credit-quality debt. Extremely rare for a money market fund to lose principal, though it has happened
- Stable NAV: most money market funds target a net asset value of $1.00 per share
- Higher yield than a checking account: typically tracks short-term interest rates closely
- Daily liquidity: can be bought or sold any business day, with proceeds settling same day at most brokers
- No FDIC insurance: unlike a bank account, money market funds are not federally insured. SIPC coverage protects against broker failure but not against fund losses
Types
- Government money market funds: hold Treasury bills and government repos. Safest tier; interest from Treasury holdings may be exempt from state income tax
- Prime money market funds: hold a mix of government and corporate short-term debt. Usually higher yield, slightly more credit risk
- Municipal money market funds: hold short-term muni bonds. Interest is typically federally tax-exempt, sometimes state-exempt, but yields are lower
Money market fund vs. money market account
A money market account (MMA) is a bank product with FDIC insurance and often lower yields. A money market fund is a securities product offered by a brokerage, with no FDIC but higher yields and easy integration with an investment account. They sound similar but are structurally different.
When the Fed raises rates, money market funds are often the first place yield shows up. They are a useful parking spot for cash you plan to deploy soon without locking it up in a CD.